September 15, 2022: -On Wednesday, the European Union’s General Court upheld an antitrust ruling against Google’s parent company, Alphabet, but reduced its fine to 4.125 billion euros ($4.12 billion) from 4.34 billion euros.

The dispute between Google and the EU courts is over whether it uses the Android operating system to quash competition and is initiated against the company in 2015.

The Court said it “largely is confirming the European Commission’s decision that Google imposed unlawful restrictions on manufacturers of Android mobile devices and mobile network operators to consolidate the dominant position of its search engine.”

In a statement provided to CNBC, Google said: “We are disappointed that the Court did not annul the decision in full. Android is creating more choice for everyone, not less, and supports thousands of successful businesses in Europe and around the world.”

The European Commission issued the initial fine in 2018 and was the largest ever for Google. It said that around 80% of Europeans used Android and that Google gave an unfair advantage to its apps, such as Chrome and Search, by forcing smartphone makers to pre-install them in a bundle with its app store, Play.

Google contends that Android phones compete with Apple phones, which use its iOS operating system, and that using Android still allows consumers a choice of phone maker, mobile network operator and the opportunity to remove Google apps and install others.

In Wednesday’s judgment, the General Court said the new fine was “appropriate given the significance of the infringement.”

It highlighted that Google’s business model “is based first and foremost on increasing the numbers of users of its online search services so that it can sell its online advertising services.” In contrast, Apple focuses on selling higher-end intelligent mobile devices.

Google contends this allows it to keep the majority of its services free. The company can still appeal the ruling in the EU’s highest Court.

Google has been fined by the EU in two other cases: 2.42 billion euros for favoring its comparison-shopping service on general results from its search pages; and 1.49 billion euros for stopping website owners from including search results from its rivals.

In June, it reportedly agreed to let rival advertising intermediaries place ads on YouTube, which could be a step toward avoiding another fine as part of a probe into whether it restricts rivals’ and advertisers’ access to user data.